The 5 Ethical Considerations in Sociological Research

Ethics are self-regulatory guidelines for making decisions and defining professions. By establishing ethical codes, professional organizations maintain the integrity of the profession, define the expected conduct of members, and protect the welfare of subjects and clients. Moreover, ethical codes give professionals direction when confronting ethical dilemmas or confusing situations. A case in point is a scientists decision whether to intentionally deceive subjects or inform them about the true risks or goals of a controversial but much-needed experiment. Many organizations, such as the American Sociological Association, establish ethical principles and guidelines. The vast majority of todays social scientists abide by their respective organizations ethical principles. 5 Ethical Considerations in Sociological Research The American Sociological Associations (ASAs) Code of Ethics sets forth the principles and ethical standards that underlie sociologists professional responsibilities and conduct. These principles and standards should be used as guidelines when examining everyday professional activities. They constitute normative statements for sociologists and provide guidance on issues that sociologists may encounter in their professional work. The ASA’s Code of Ethics contains five general principles and explanations. Professional Competence Sociologists strive to maintain the highest levels of competence in their work; they recognize the limitations of their expertise; and they undertake only those tasks for which they are qualified by education, training, or experience. They recognize the need for ongoing education in order to remain professionally competent; and they utilize the appropriate scientific, professional, technical, and administrative resources needed to ensure competence in their professional activities. They consult with other professionals when necessary for the benefit of their students, research participants, and clients. Integrity Sociologists are honest, fair, and respectful of others in their professional activities—in research, teaching, practice, and service. Sociologists do not knowingly act in ways that jeopardize either their own or others professional welfare. Sociologists conduct their affairs in ways that inspire trust and confidence; they do not knowingly make statements that are false, misleading, or deceptive. Professional and Scientific Responsibility Sociologists adhere to the highest scientific and professional standards and accept responsibility for their work. Sociologists understand that they form a community and show respect for other sociologists even when they disagree on theoretical, methodological, or personal approaches to professional activities. Sociologists value the public trust in sociology and are concerned about their ethical behavior and that of other sociologists that might compromise that trust. While endeavoring always to be collegial, sociologists must never let the desire to be collegial outweigh their shared responsibility for ethical behavior. When appropriate, they consult with colleagues in order to prevent or avoid unethical conduct. Respect for People’s Rights, Dignity, and Diversity Sociologists respect the rights, dignity, and worth of all people. They strive to eliminate bias in their professional activities, and they do not tolerate any forms of discrimination based on age; gender; race; ethnicity; national origin; religion; sexual orientation; disability; health conditions; or marital, domestic, or parental status. They are sensitive to cultural, individual, and role differences in serving, teaching, and studying groups of people with distinctive characteristics. In all of their work-related activities, sociologists acknowledge the rights of others to hold values, attitudes, and opinions that differ from their own. Social Responsibility   Sociologists are aware of their professional and scientific responsibility to the communities and societies in which they live and work. They apply and make public their knowledge in order to contribute to the public good. When undertaking research, they strive to advance the science of sociology and to serve the public good. References CliffsNotes.com. (2011). Ethics in Sociological Research. http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26845.html American Sociological Association. (2011). http://www.asanet.org/about/ethics.cfm

Pro Affirmative Action Essay - 2153 Words

Affirmative action is a policy or a program that seeks to redress past discrimination of minorities through active measures in order to ensure equal opportunity, as in education and employment. In other words, it is policy that was established to hopefully eliminate racial preference and equalize the United States. The fight against discrimination has been a long lasting one that started with the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, which ended in the desegregation of all schools (Ficker). Affirmative action was put into place in 1965 when President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Executive Order that mandated government contractors to â€Å"take affirmative action† in all aspects of hiring and employing minorities (Brunner). Upon its arrival, the policy†¦show more content†¦The fact that, in most cases, a minority student will get accepted over a white student with the same or almost the same qualifications is causing controversy all over the nation. This is precisely the defin ition of affirmative action. In an excerpt titled Affirmative Action and the College Admissions Process from the book, 8 Steps to Help Black Families Pay For College, by Thomas and Will LaVeist, it is stated that, â€Å"affirmative action is meant to level the playing field and ensure that schools and businesses are not intentionally discriminating against minority groups.† This leveling of the playing field leads to the very broad generalization and misperception that the policy is allowing less-qualified minorities to take the place of the more-qualified whites. Two more cases that aroused much debate on the issue were the 2003 cases of Gratz vs. Bollinger and Grutter vs. Bollinger, in which two more-than-qualified students applied to the University of Michigan and were denied due to acceptance policies. The two women, Jennifer Gratz and Barbara Grutter, took their cases to the Supreme Court with the plea that the University of Michigan is â€Å"treating people differently based on skin color, and that is unconstitutional† (Mears). The university openly stated that they have a point system in their acceptance process in which students receive extra point if they are of minority status. Mary Sue Coleman, the president of the University of Michigan stated, â€Å"[W]eShow MoreRelatedEssay on Pro-Affirmative Action1059 Words   |  5 PagesPRO-AFFIRMATIVE ACTION What is it? Well affirmative action is, in plain text, the consideration of your class, race, gender, color, ethnicity, national origin, and disability when deciding who gets a certain job or admission into a school. If you are amenity applying for a job and there are other people that are applying as well then you will be considered for the job over one of the other people, even if they have more experience. It is not only for jobs, it is also used in any situationRead MoreAffirmative Action - Pros and Cons Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion of Affirmative Action Ââ€" Pros and Cons. Affirmative Action programming is seen by some as a mechanical remedy to past social conditions that penalized minority member applicants for employment, women, or persons with disabilities. In the United States, Affirmative Action has been seen as compensation for the exclusion of the African American community, in particular, and has been hoped to create upward mobility for more members of this sector. In this sense, Affirmative Action may haveRead More The Pros and Cons of Affirmative Action Essay3458 Words   |  14 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Affirmative action has been the topic of debate for many years. It has been controversial because it has been said to be a form of reverse discrimination. This paper will discuss the purpose behind affirmative action, as well as, its various strengths and weaknesses. Also, this paper will look at the following issues surrounding affirmative action such as the incompetency myth ( are companies hiring less qualified people?), the impa ct on employment (what has changed in the work place?), theRead MorePros and Cons of Affirmative Action Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesAnalytical Paper 3 – Affirmative Action Introduction According to Raymond A. Noe, affirmative action is an organization’s active effort to find opportunities to hire or promote people in a particular group (Fundamentals of Human Resource Management 68). There are various arguments for and against affirmative action. Some believe that it gives certain groups of people an equal opportunity to find employment where they would otherwise be kicked under the rug. Others believe that even though it createsRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Affirmative Action Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesExploratory Essay The Affirmative Action Debate Affirmative Action Defined Affirmative Action can be defined as â€Å"positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded (Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)†. However because those steps involve â€Å"preferential† selection affirmative action generates intense controversy (Standford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Affirmative ActionRead MoreAffirmative Action And The Civil Rights And Equal Opportunity Legislation Of The 1960s958 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative action is a program that serves to rectify the effects of purportedly past societal discrimination by allocating jobs and opportunities to minorities and women. Affirmative action programs were an outgrowth of the 1950s and 1960s civil rights movements and the Civil Rights and Equal Opportunity legislation of the 1960s. Close to fifty years later, the practice of affirmative action has been at the vanguard of intense debate more than any other time in its history. Hardly a week goesRead MoreAffirmative Action : An Effective Organization1430 Words   |  6 Pageswriting Thesis/Support Essay Professor Jeffery Cahan 05/10/2016 Affirmative Action According to Merriam Webster, by definition â€Å"Affirmative Action is an active effort to improve the employment or educational opportunities of members of minority groups and women. Also similar effort to promote the rights or progress of other disadvantaged persons† Affirmative action has been a hot topic among some American citizens and government officials. â€Å"Affirmative action is the process of a businessRead More We Need Affirmative Action Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pages PRO-AFFIRMATIVE ACTION nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is it? Well affirmative action is, in plain text, the consideration of your class, race, gender, color, ethnicity, national origin, and disability when deciding who gets a certain job or admission into a school. If you are amenity applying for a job and there are other people that are applying as well then you will be considered for the job over one of the other people, even if they have more experience. It is not only for jobs, it is alsoRead MoreThe Supreme Court s Decision On Affirmative Action On The Fisher V. University Of Texas Case2292 Words   |  10 PagesThe newspaper article appears to be a news report about the Supreme Court’s decision on affirmative action on the Fisher v. University of Texas case. The purpose of this text is to inform readers about the decision and the view point of officials who agree and disagree with affirmative action, as well of those who are in between and those who don’t think we are close to solving t his issue. The author, Adam Liptak, focuses on writing about the United States Supreme Court, and is graduate from Yale;Read MoreDiversity Achievement Based From A South African Company1520 Words   |  7 Pagesin South Africa’s parliament’s 1998 Employee Equity Act (EE) (Act 55 of 1998), which according to its drafters was meant to: (i) eliminate unfair discrimination (i.e. in current employment and remuneration practices) and (ii) take positive or affirmative measures to attack, develop and retain individuals from previously disadvantaged groups. These groups are designated in the Act as â€Å"Blacks (Including Africans, Colored (mixed race) and Indians), women and people with disabilities.† DTI

Construction project Free Essays

Grant the Great Construction is a small construction company formed from the merger of Grant Thomas Construction Right Build International. The company has successfully operated in the Durham North Carolina area for the past ten years working on both small and large scale construction, repair, and alteration projects. With the business boom that is occurring in Greensboro and the desire to improve overall profit margins, the company is planning to shift its target market from residential clients to the larger commercial customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Construction project or any similar topic only for you Order Now This business plan will lay out our goals and tasks to make this transition successful. Grant the Great Construction strives to offer the finest quality design, site preparation, cost estimates, construction, repair, and alteration to clients needing large scale construction services. History Purpose working on both small and large scale construction, repair, and alteration projects.. Grant the Great Construction strives to offer the finest quality design, site preparation, cost estimates, construction, repair, and alteration to clients needing large scale construction services. Strengths Grant the Great Construction is a Design Build Firm. By being both owners to both esign the project and to construct the project. In some cases, the design is done in- house, but most often the Design-Builder engages the services of an outside architect as well as all of the subcontractors. As stated above, the intended result is that the project can be done more quickly because the construction can begin earlier in the process, even before the details are finalized. Weaknesses Being that Grant the Great Construction was built by merging two existing companies , there are different practices that each company has grown accustom to. Many of these differences can be overcome with proper advance planning and team eetings. We plan on building our company off the most successful practices of each company. Mission: Grant the Great Construction is dedicated to raising the levels of professionalism, integrity, ethical practice, and performance within the construction industry. Goal: 1. Establishing a strong and sustainable internal structure. 2. Developing a body of work and establishing a positive reputation. Strategy: As a new construction company we will invest in a model home and extensive packages of plans and images that clients can use to better understand what they’re aying for when they contract with Grant the Great Construction. Marketing Internet promotion method is the key to our success: We plan to market ourselves by emphasizing our name and unique solutions through internet promotion. An amount of $10,000 for the style of the web page has been included in the Start-up expenses with ongoing maintenance expenses approximated monthly. Our Focus is commercial building and renovation tasks as our initial and primary focus on marketplaces. We will use our completed tasks to display our personalized venture management software to potential clients. Organizational Plan How to cite Construction project, Papers

Employee Relation Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Employee Relation Management Role in improvement of the performance of employee in the hospitality industry. Answer: Introduction: Employee relations are considered as customary of organizational functions and practices which resolve the problems related to human resource such as recruitment, recompense, etc. This paper state the result of recruitment and selection procedure on the performance of the employees in hotel industry. It must be noted, achievement of any organization relied on the ability of its employees and other manpower which conduct the operations of the business. Various incidents of history reflect the importance of recruitment and selection procedure for the purpose of determining the level of the performance of employee in an organization. Hospitality industry face different challenges related to the performance of employees because of the unconventional selection and placement procedure in context of poor policy while selecting the candidate, inconsistency in selection process, employment test and interview which is sidetracking, godfatherism and selection process which based on regional aspects, etc (Bako Kolawole, 2016). This study drives the impact of the recruitment and selection procedure on the performance of the employees in hospitality industry. Result of this study provides the correlation between the employee performance and recruitment and selection procedure. Objective and Purpose of the Study: The main purpose of this study is to understand the Employee Relation Management Role in improvement of the performance of employee in the hospitality industry. It is important to understand the effectiveness in the employee relationship activities and practices which are positively contributes towards the performance of employees. Literature Review: Role of HRM in hospitality industry: After considering the development of HR practices in the early 1970s, there is only single department which is known as personal department and this department deals with the workforce of the organization. In the late 70s, economy of the world changed steadily and organizations start considering the labor and workforce as most important resources of the organization. Concept related to human resource management initiated in the 1980s and over the next decade this concept will grew and developed (McGuire Jorgensen, 2010). In last few years, HRM has attracted attention in different fields because of its contribution in the effectiveness and efficiency of management of employee (Nickson, 2013). In todays global economy, business entity conducts their operations in a dynamic and fast changing environment. For the purpose of getting competitive advantage, achieving organizational strategic goals, and for adopting and respond the changes quickly, it is necessary for organizations to have professionals who conduct HRM practices in effective and efficient manner (Du Plessis, 2015). It is possible to deny the importance of HRM in the hospitality industry, and two facts are stated below which mainly highlight this importance: First fact stated that hospitality industry is the business which is directly related to the people and this business is customer driven and quality focused. In other words, human resources are considered as important asset of this business for achieving success and profitability. Generally, in hotel business maximum members of the workforce directly communicate with the guests such as waiters, waitress, receptionist, etc. and this workforce play most important role in achieving the business success. Service quality offered by the hotel depends not only on the skills of the staff but also on the attitude of the staff. Second fact is related to the finish product for which customer is paying to the business. Satisfaction of customer is usually affected with other elements also such as standard of food and beverage, accommodation, and other amenities provided by hotel. Therefore, it can be said that both skills and attitude of the workforce is important and must be considered by HRM professionals, if business wants to ensure customer satisfaction. This is he area in which role of HRM professionals is important. As stated by Boxall and Purcell (2011), HRM practices that are recruitment and selection play very important role in the work performance of the employees. Quality of employees performance clearly depends on the function of ability, motivation and opportunity. In other words, HR managers can intervene for the purpose of developing employee ability, motivations, and opportunity for the purpose of maximizing the work performance in the organization. Motivation refers to external and internal factors which actually encourage the employees to perform any job or task in well manner. The most important role of HR manager is to increase the level of employee motivation in the organization. According to Wilton (2011), it is important for HR managers to conduct the recruitment and selection procedure in such manner as it encourage the employees to perform with their full potential in the way desired by the organization. HR managers must understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as financial incentives, recognition, satisfaction in job, and achievement because these factors help the organization in motivating their employees. As stated by Howes (2010), better communication and evaluation of personal needs of employees not only improves the motivation level but also results in best performance from the employees. According to Smith (2010), those hotels that are mainly focus on the development of their human resources results in more productive workforce. Organizations which are successful mainly consider the development skills and efforts taken by the organization for performing any assigned task. About recruitment and selection: Recruitment is considered as one of the major and most important function of HRM, and it helps the organization to attract and select best human resource for their organization. Recruitment is the function which includes those activities which are conducted by the organization for the purpose of identifying and attracting potential employees (Parry Wilson, 2009). Success of any organization indulged in service sector mainly rely on the human capital, and because off this it is important to recruit and select right people in the organization (Zheng, 2006). Raymond J. Stone (2005) in the fifth edition of his book stated that HRM defines recruitment as the process which seek and attract pool of applicants and from this pool organization select qualified candidates for job vacancies. As stated by to Arnold (1990), recruitment is considered as procedure which is conducted for searching the candidates for employment and also motivates the candidates to apply for jobs in the organization. It can be said that recruitment is the procedure which mainly sets connection between the employers and job seekers. In other words, it is a process which finds and attracts capable candidates for employment. Process of recruitment starts when new employees or workers are required by the organization, and this process ends when applications of new employees and workforce are submitted. Result in this context is a pool of application from which organization selects new application. On the other hand, selection is the process of choosing individuals from the pool of job applicants with necessary qualifications and competence for the purpose of filling the job position in the organization. It is the procedure through which job applicants are differentiated for the purpose of identifying those who have more chances of success in job. Following are the two reasons because of which selection is considered as most important function in the organization: Fist fact depends on the fact that performance of organization relied on individuals, and best method through which employees performance can be improved is hire those peoples who have competence and willingness to work in the organization. Cost related to recruitment and selection procedure is very important and for wrong selection organization pays much higher cost. Role of recruitment and selection strategy in work performance of the employee: Employees work performance in the hospitality industry can be measured by their attentiveness, friendliness, appearance, attitude, and the manner in which they perform their task. As stated by St-Onge, Morin, Bellehumeur, and Dupuis (2009), good work performance by employees results in high level of customer satisfaction because of which customer will go back and use the services of the hotel again. According to Watson (2008), success of any organization indulged in hospitality sector depends on the manner in which they manage and motive their employees, but different factors are present in the hotel which makes this task difficult for organization. First factor is related to the wages paid by hotels, which means hotel pay minimum wage rate to their employees or they only pay that much amount which is stated by labor law. This much amount is not sufficient for meeting the basic needs of the front-line employees in the organization. Second factor deals with the age factor, which means generally hotels hired employees of certain age. Some hotels hire younger employees and not prefer to hire older employees in their organization. This result in underperformance of the employees who are in an unfavorable age group and fails to perform with their best efforts because they feel that they are not fairly or equally treated by their employers (Josten Schalk, 2010). Recruitment and selection strategy must be effective, which means it must consider all relevant things and factors before hiring the employees such as expectation of the employee, nature of the work, necessary requirements of the employee, etc.. As all these factors help the organization to motivate their employees to work better in the organization and achieve goals. Recruitment strategy must consider internal sources for filling the job positions before choosing the applicants from outside, because if organization gives preference to the employees from outside then it demotivates the current employees in the organization. The recruitment and selection is the most important function of the human resource department and it is considered as the first step which creates competitive advantage and strategic advantage for the organization. It mainly involves the systematic procedure from sourcing of the candidates to arranging and conducting the interviews and it also requires different resources and time (Sisson, 1994). According to Hall and Torrington (1998), general process of recruitment includes following things, as it initiates with the department of human resources as they receive notification in regards of employee requirement from any department of the organization. After that they prepare job description and specification of required person. Locating and developing the sources of required number and type of employees. After that they identify the prospective employee with required characteristics and also arrange interviews with that prospective person. Last step includes the interview and decision making. After the completion of recruitment process organization starts selection process. Effective recruitment and selection strategy not only attract best talent in the organization, but it also considers some other factors such as motivation, training and development, etc. In other words, recruitment and selection has wide scope and it includes different things in its ambit. It mainly defines the process which is effective in nature and play most important role in the work performance because this is the only process through which organization can hire best employees and ensure best talent in their organization for the purpose of conducting their work. Two theories related to recruitment and selection strategy are stated below: Human capital theory: hotels must focus on the human capital theory for underlines the effective strategy related to recruitment and selection. As per this theory humans possess different capabilities, behavior and personal energy, and all these factors results in efficient human capital which also contributes in enhancing the work performance of the employees Resource based theory: as per this theory, organization can achieve competitive advantage if they have human capital which cannot be substituted by their competitors. For this purpose, hotels must evaluate their workforce on continuous basis for ensuring that they have right people who possess right skills (University of Gotthenburg, n.d.). Sources of Recruitment: There are two types of sources which can be used by the organization for recruiting and selecting the employees: Internal sources: sources which exist within the organization are known as internal sources such as transfer of employees, promotions, etc. in other words, if organization uses internal links for fill the job positions than it is known as internal sources of recruitment. External sources: if organization uses all other sources except internal sources then it is known as external sources (Schmidt and Hunter, 1998) Both the sources are considered as very important sources, and play important role in motivating the employees and ensure work performance. Internal sources include the internal recruitment for filling the job vacancies with current employees. It is considered as most common method, and includes informing the employees and motivates them to apply for those positions in which they are qualified or ask them for referrals and generally these referrals are other current employees of the organization. As per the experts, internal recruitment is better as compared to external recruitment and it play important role in enhancing the work performance of the organization. Internal recruitment boost the employees morale retains the employees. In other words, it motivates the employees to perform with their best ability for getting higher job positions. There is one disadvantage also that is internal recruitment results in lack of new ideas and sometimes hires employees who are less qualified fo r this job position. Additionally, Schmidt and Hunter (l998) stated that external recruitment is also effective in some particular situations which includes need of organization to attract and hire most qualified individuals who works effectively in some particular situations. External recruitments ensure pool of applications and provide different options to the organization and it also brings new ideas to the organization. However, recruitment from external sources required more training, and it also demotivates the current employees as they lose their opportunity to grow. External recruitment resources are useful for hiring the employees which possess necessary qualification, and must be used by organization in particular situations only, but it must be used after considering the internal factors. If employers only consider external sources for recruitment and selection then it will definitely affects the performance of current employees of the organization. Independent variable and dependent variable theory: There is clear connection between the Independent variable and dependent theory. Independent variable is considered as variable that can be changed or controlled, and dependent variable is the element which is depends on the independent variable. In this context, independent variables are motivation, training and development, sources of recruitment, etc. and on other side defendant variable is the employees performance. It must be noted that if any changes are made by the organization in independent variable then it clearly affects the dependent variable. HR managers can intervene for the purpose of developing employee ability, motivations, and opportunity for the purpose of maximizing the work performance in the organization. Some other factors are also there which must be consider by hotel industry because these factors also play important role in the success of the organization and also provides competitive advantage, and some of these factors are sources of recruitment and selection procedure, effective planning of this process, financial management, etc. Conclusion: After considering the above facts, it can be said that recruitment and selection procedure plays very important role in the performance of the employees, and through effective planning of recruitment and selection organization can attract and retain best talent for conducting their actions. This research study mainly provides the guidance for the organizations engaged in hospitality business for the purpose of improving their performance and to get competitive advantage over their competitors. As stated above, various factors are there which directly influence the performance of the organization, but effectiveness of HRM practices is considered as one of the biggest elements which indicate and determine the success of the organization in hotel business. If hotels properly evaluate the needs and necessary requirements of their organization and connect those requirements with the goals of the organization, then hotels will get the results which are desired by them and also help them growing on continuous basis. It must be noted that, performance of organization relied on individuals, and best method through which employees performance can be improved is hire those peoples who have competence and willingness to work in the organization. Quality of employees performance clearly depends on the function of ability, motivation and opportunity. Recommendations: On the basis of findings and conclusion stated above, this paper recommended following things to the hotel industry: Ministry of trade and tourism industry must develop guidelines for hotel industry in context of recruitment and selection, and these guidelines must be develop with the help of local government and other relevant authorities. Approval and renovation of license for hotel industry must be based on the evidences related to effective practices or recruitment and selection. Employers must consider internal sources of recruitment first and choose external sources in some particular conditions only References: Arnold, D. (1990). Career management. New York: Dryden Press. Bako, Y. Kolawole, O. (2016). Effect of Recruitment and Selection on Employee Performance in Hospitality Industries. International Journal of Social and Tourism Sciences Vol:10, No:5. Boxall, P., Purcell, J. (2011). Strategy and human resource management (3rd ed.). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Derek Torrington and Laura Hall (1998), The Human Resource Function The Dynamics of Change And Development, Financial Times Press. Du Plessis, A.J (2015)(general editor)., Munyeka, W.., Chipunza, C., Samuel, M. O.,Naidoo, K., Keyser, E. Gura, M. HRM and ER in South Africa: contemporary theory and practice. Juta Publishers, Cape Town, South Africa. Howes, C.J (2010). Organizational Performance Strategies. Retrieved on 24th February 2018, from: www.opstrategies.org. Josten, E., Schalk, R. (2010). The effects of demotion on older and younger employees. Personnel Review, 39(2), 195-209. McGuire, D., Jorgensen, K. M. (2010). Human resource development : Theory and practice. Retrieved from https://unitec.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=743572. Nickson, D. (2013). Human resource management for hospitality and tourism industries (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Schmidt, R. A., Hunter, J. E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 262-274. Sisson Keith, (1994), Personnel Management, Blackwell, 2nd Edition. Smith, P.D. (2010). Increasing Productivity: Workforce Training and Development. The Bleaner. St-Onge, S., Morin, D., Bellehumeur, M., Dupuis, F. (2009). Managers motivation to evaluate subordinate performance. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 4(3), 273-293. Stone, R. (2005). Human Resource Management, Wiley, 2007. University of Gothenburg. Recruitment and selection. Retrieved on 24th February 2018 from: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/2077/32626/1/gupea_2077_32626_1.pdf. Watson, S. (2008). Where are we now? A review of management development issues in the hospitality and tourism sector: implications for talent management. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 758-780. Wilton, N. (2011). An introduction to human resource management. UK: SAGE Publications. Zheng, Z., Hong, T. (2006). Competitive advantage through people. Great Britain: Harvard Business School Pres

Arthur Dimmesdale Essays - English-language Films,

Arthur Dimmesdale Dimmesdale In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale unquestionably suffers more than Hester Prynne, his accomplice in the affair that took place years ago. He is tortured by Roger Chillingworth, Hester's husband, who arrives in Boston and begins to 'assist' Dimmesdale with his illness. He is also tormented by Pearl, Hester and Dimmesdale's daughter, who, is a product of the affair. He also injures himself, as the shame of the incident literally makes him sick. These persons, including himself, contribute to Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale's potential downfall. Roger Chillingworth arrives in Boston, and ironically, the first scene he views is his wife, Hester Prynne, serving her three-hour sentence of standing on the pillory. As he comes out of the woods with a big Indian, he joins the crowd. At which time, we are immediately informed of his physical description. We are told he is short, has one shoulder higher than the other, and looks intelligent, however, there was not something right about him, his look became keen and penetrative. (p.54) In the next chapter, we are told that Chillingworth is Hester's husband. They do not have the same name, however, because Chillingworth wishes to avoid discovery as the wronged husband and also bear Hester's ignominy. Roger Chillingworth gains a good reputation as the best (and only) physician in Boston. Coincidentally, Dimmesdale grows sick, and he is forced to seek Chillingworth's help. Dimmesdale's health started to decline, to put his hand over his heart, with first a flush and then a paleness, ind icative of pain. (p.107) Chillingworth takes interest in Dimmesdale, and sought to win a friendly regard and confidence from his naturally reserved sensibility. (p.108) Chillingworth was happy to help his pastor back to health, as it was the natural thing to do. The disease was not the only thing that interested the physician, but, he was strangely moved to look in to the character and qualities of the patient?He deemed it essential, it would seem to know the man before attempting to do him good. (pp.109, 110) Dimmesdale's health sailed downward, and at this time, Dimmesdale was advised by the townspeople to move in with Chillingworth. At first, they got along great, and town couldn't be happier with how things are going, but after a while, some people grew skeptical of Chillingworth's motives. They believe that Chillingworth has undergone a change since arriving in Boston: he used to be a genial old man, but is now an ugly and evil person who now terrorizes Dimmesdale, haunted eith er by Satan himself, or Satan's emissary, in the guise of old Roger Chillingworth. (p.114) A few days later, Chillingworth returned from gathering leaves and roots when Dimmesdale asked him where he got those that he had never seen before. Chillingworth responds by saying that they grew on a grave with no tombstone, then infers that Dimmesdale is keeping a secret, They grew out of his heart, and typify, it maybe, some hideous secret that was buried with him, and which he had done be then to confess during his lifetime. (p. 117) This leads directly to an entire conversation where Chillingworth tries to make Dimmesdale reveal his secret. Chillingworth pushes Dimmesdale to tell him about his spiritual side, however, Dimmesdale grows so uncomfortable that he screams, No-not to thee! (p.127) and runs out of the room in a mad fit. Later on, Dimmesdale falls asleep in his chair, at which time Chillingworth creeps in and rips off Dimmesdale's shirt, and finds what he is looking for: he has read Dimmesdale's heart. Roger Chillingworth is not the only person to torment Dimmesdale. Little Pearl, Hester and Arthur's daughter, also torments him as well. Pearl does not make Dimmesdale suffer as much as Roger, but she does inflict her share of damage. During the conversation between Chillingworth and Dimmesdale about Dimmesdale's spirit, Pearl and Hester come walking through the graveyard. Pearl gathers a handful of burrs from a birdock, and placed them along her mother's 'A.' As they continue down the path, they pass Dimmesdale's window, and she, threw one of the prickly burrs at the reverend Mr. Dimmesdale. (p.120) Dimmesdale jumped back from the attack, and seemed to, shrunk with nervous dread. (p.120) Pearl

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buy custom The Airline Industry essay The Airline industry is a seasonal industry that is highly labor intensive and also capital intensive. The labor and capital intensivenesss is directly proportional to the season at high season.The seasonality of supply and demand in the industry causes the industry to have quite an unstable income and so are the pricing rate variable depending on the season at high season, rates will be higher to travel and transport using air while at low season rates will be lower. Thus the GDP contribution by the airline industry to a country is variable depending on the season and the prices at tha season. Pricing in the airline industry: All airlines have a break even cost factor which is the number of seats in percentage of the number of seats the airline must sell at a given rate for it cover its costs. This is what takes care of the seasonal nature of the airline industry. Revenue costs and the break even load factor are not equal in all airlines. It is averaged that the recent approximate breakeven load factor is at 68%. The operating cost of an airline and its breakeven load factor has a very small difference margin making the iindustry a risky one in terms of profit and loss. Less flights: Pricing in the airline industry can be affected by the its seasonal nature but it does not mean that at low demand the airline is pout of business but rather that they have to plan their schedule in accordance with the demands of their services. In the case of too few passengers, it may seem as a crisis but the industry has its clients at their best interest so they would have to give the same service but have their priorities set out well like maybe have a smaller airplane than normal. Buy custom The Airline Industry essay

Subsidies that intercollegiate athletic programs Assignment

Subsidies that intercollegiate athletic programs - Assignment Example In surprise, even the most successful programs receive huge amounts of money in the form of subsidies. A certain percentage of the student fees go to the general fund. Such central funds service subsidies to the Intercollegiate Athletic Programs (Killpatrick & Killpatrick, 2009). The small programs depend on student fees for their subsidies, instead of depending on the successful programs. This has led to a general increase in student fees in colleges that has raised concerns. Yes, athletics departments should be self-supporting. This is because they find access to well-paying television contracts. If there is proper management of the revenue, then the departments need to support themselves. In addition, they receive the ticket proceeds from large stadiums, where they collect the revenue from the sales. If the athletic departments develop a realistic budget, then they could easily have self-support. Some large athletic departments actually generate more revenue than they spend (Padilla & Boucher, 2007). This means that they do not need any additional money to fund their projects. Furthermore, if the athletic departments learn to be independent, then they are more likely to stabilize. This relates to the ability to remain financially stable even in times of economic slowdown. The worst concern is that even during an economic slowdown, some athletic departments do not lower their spending. This means that they have the capacity to become self-supporting and they need to become independent. The broadcasting rights have affected intercollegiate athletics in several ways. It has led to an increased generation of revenue. For instance, the NCAA generated over 80% of its revenue from the broadcasting contracts with TBS and CBS. Such income has led to the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage to intercollegiate athletics. Broadcasting rights are significant sources of

Sexual Exploitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexual Exploitation - Essay Example Across the world, there are numerous women caught in the same trap as Meena. Women are the main victims of sexual exploitation since most societies disregard them. This is more so in countries like India where women are likely to be force into practices such as forced marriage. This paper focuses on the issue of sexual exploitation. The paper will involve an analysis of Kristof and WuDunn perspective on sexual exploitation as well as views by Meghan regarding women and girls as major victims of sexual exploitation. Chapter 1 of Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide by Kristof and WuDunn tells the story of human trafficking for sexual exploitation purposes. The story of Meena, who was forced into commercial sex at a tender age, demonstrates the extreme exploitation of young girls in brothels. In Nepal, government agencies such as police seem adamant about the issue, which has led to increase in sexual exploitation. Moreover, some government employees such police officers act in support of the brothel owners since they are beneficiaries of the sexual services offered in the brothels. Globalization has had great effects on sexual exploitation. With improved transport system, human trafficking is more rampant. Sexual exploitation is an offence against human dignity. The malpractice if often associated with forced prostitution and human trafficking (WuDunn and Kristof 3-6). As opposed to the belief that most people engage in prostitution willingly or for economic purposes, a considerable number of people are forced into prostitution. Globalization has resulted in an alarming increase in human trafficking. â€Å"While there has been progress in addressing many humanitarian issues in the last few decades, sex slavery has actually worsened† (Kristof and WuDunn 11). The increased in sex slavery is attributable to increased human trafficking. Human trafficking is mainly related to globalization. With improved

Assignment 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Assignment 7 - Essay Example Studies show that the number of protests has increased at higher rate in the past three years. The State of Washington alone reported approximately 20 protests of this kind in the year 2006 (Zeigler 1). Organizations can avoid protests in various ways including maximization of competition by an agency. Agencies can maximize competition by making the process to be open while avoiding biases. Keeping the process open involves informing the public clearly about what an agency intends to do during the bidding process. All the bidding processes should be clearly documented. An organization should also ensure that all the processes listed in the document are followed. Transparency is vital in any bidding process. It can be enhanced by publishing the written procedures and policies. This can also serve as evidence against future protests. While keeping the process open it is important for an agency to ensure that specifications or requirements are not costly and restraining. The other recommendation for preventing the protest includes offering supplier training. Most protests occur due to failure to offer supplier training. Supplier training enables suppliers to gain knowledge and skills on how to offer procurement services in ethical ways. The other strategy of avoiding the protest includes being in charge. It involves accountability of the agency in the award decision making and writing procedures. Many agencies fail because they heavily depend on experts in technical assistance and evaluation processes. Experts are helpful, but agencies should only seek advice instead of making them in charge of the entire process because the purchasing lead usually makes the final decisions since they are the ones who sign the award and accept accountability even if decisions were made based on the experts’ recommendations. Protests can also be avoided by specifying the roles of both parties. This helps in preventing the public from protesting

Global Trends in Economic Justice

Global Trends in Economic Justice Introduction Throughout this course, I continually questioned my understanding of economic justice. With all that is changing throughout our world, the spectrum of economic justice will continually evolve, as interests, laws, human interactions, and politics change. It was especially interesting to see that the majority of the country falls in the top one percent of global wages, making and annual personal income of thirty four thousand. Which brings me to the issue of poverty, and how the global economy operates in a fundamentally unfair manner. Although our economy itself is improving and our nation is becoming stronger, this doesn’t mean much when a significant percentage of the population is struggling to survive. We have discussed the theories and concepts of what is fair through three different views: Libertarian Capitalism, Socialism and Welfare State. I will discuss my interpretation and personal reflections on economic justice in the world, and what I determine, based off of our class discussions and readings, to be fair and just. My Personal Reflection When discussions of poverty consumed the class, I decided to examine the way the world focuses on what needs to be changed to better the economy and end poverty, mostly within the media, versus what is actually being done about this situation. There have been a lot of positive changes made throughout the world, first with Social Security after the Great Depression, to the now popular food stamps, unemployment insurance, workers compensation, earned income tax credits, and on and on. But there are not enough jobs available to most Americans that pay above the minimum wage. There is also not enough investment in education or skill development trainings. Although the minimum wage was never intended to support an entire family, due to the lack of education and skills, a large percentage of Americans are only able to work where the pay is minimum. I feel that basic human rights and freedoms are being compromised by allowing the poverty level to continually increase. I support a welfare state and its ability to help those stricken with poverty, however I feel that there needs to be major changes before the government ends up bankrupt, from the inability to control how much is going out versus what is coming in. Throwing money at the problem has not assisted in lowering poverty or making those who are in poverty, self-sufficient. Instead of making people in poverty more comfortable, we need to create more prosperity, to provide a way for these people to get out of poverty. The more money that the United States spends on means assisting programs, it seems the poverty level increases, and according to president Barak Obama this budget for these programs will only increase over time. The best way to increase wealth in this situation is through the power of a free market. Protecting capital investments, giving people opportunities to start new businesses, encourage the failed government school system by encouraging competition and choice, and finally encouraging and educating the poor on how to save and invest. Poverty in the World vs three Approaches to Economic Justice â€Å"Since the beginning of the War on Poverty, government has spent nineteen point eight trillion (in inflation-adjusted 2011 dollars) on means-tested welfare. In comparison, the cost of all military wars in U.S. history from the Revolutionary War through the current war in Afghanistan has been six point nine eight trillion (in inflation-adjusted 2011 dollars). The War on Poverty has cost three times as much as all other wars combined.† (Rector, 2012) So what do we do? How do we make this fair and just? According to Stephen Nathanson, in the book Economic Justice, there are three approaches: Libertarian Capitalism – rewards people for their efforts and contributions, you can work hard and make more contributions but you don’t always earn more than people who work less and contribute less. Supports private ownership, a market system, supply and demand, inheritance, and charity. Socialism – believes an equal distribution would prevent despair, everyone has a share by virtue of their humanity, â€Å"from each according to his ability, from each according to his need.† (Nathanson, 1997) Supports public ownership, a planned economy, with a centralized publicly controlled system, and allocation based on need or the egalitarian principle. Welfare State – Allows people to get ahead by virtue of their efforts and contributions, while not judging them based on their success in the market, but that they have a legitimate claim to some resources. Supports primarily private ownership, a market system with some government intervention, and allocation based on some share of resources, market values and gifts. Libertarian Capitalism on Poverty â€Å"Despite the fact that states have long been globalized in terms of their economic relations, it is only in recent years that scholars have begun to pursue the problem of distributive or economic justice on the wider stage provided by world politics.† (Kapstein, 2006) The past 25 years have witnessed the greatest reduction in global poverty in the history of the world. â€Å"The credit goes to the spread of capitalism.† â€Å"Over the past few decades, developing countries have embraced economic-policy reforms that have cleared the way for private enterprise.† (Irwin, 2014) Even philosopher Adam Smith described the economy as a â€Å"commercial society.† Capitalism tends to cause some issues with regards to the poverty level because it encourages companies to shut down their factories and invest their money elsewhere, leaving people without a job. It basically is all about accumulation of wealth. Charles Murray suggests that people are in poverty beca use something in them is missing, and he believes that liquidating the welfare and government programs would leave those in poverty using these â€Å"crutches,† only the resources of the job market, friends, family, or private or locally funded services, encouraging use their merit and earn. Socialism on Poverty Individualism is promoted and views on capitalism from a socialist point of view is that of tyranny. They also tend to demand what the rich save and encourage wealth distribution through social entitlement programs, and because fair is never defined it cannot be measured. This view also likes to focus on production for need, not profit. They approve of increased and expanded government welfare assistance, as well as free quality education in a safe and secure environment. â€Å"Socialism will establish a new social and economic order in which workers and community members will take responsibility for and control of their interpersonal relationships, their neighborhoods, their local government, and the production and distribution of all goods and services.† (Socialist Party USA: 2013-2015 National Platform , 2014) Socialist believe that poverty is caused by the natural workings of a capitalist marketplace that has always excluded a significant part of the population from decent jobs and, thus, from the ability to purchase on the private market goods necessary for a decent life for themselves and their children. Welfare State on Poverty It is a theory that affords for the total security of its residents and is similar to socialism. It provides entitlement programs and some social insurance to its residents, and provides for persons in need, through an unnumbered amount of programs known as welfare. Welfare incorporates government programs that provide benefits and economic assistance to Americans with little or no income. One of the main goals of welfare in the United States, is to improve the quality of living standards and life, for the underprivileged. Welfare help is usually extended to people other than just the poor and underprivileged and includes students, unpaid workers, caregivers, mothers and the elderly. One of the foundations of this country is personal liberty, and dependency on a government agency for financial assistance can detract from this feeling, and way of life and move into more of a welfare state condition. Below is a 1940’s cartoon of William Beverage the founder of the Welfare State waiving a wand over big giant â€Å"wants.† People got used to living the easy life with all the benefits and they became dependent. Social policy has come to be driven by the very policies that the welfare state was supposed to replace. Poverty in the welfare state, even with all the additional benefits provided, to those with lower or no income, is still increasingly high. One reason is because there are some things that the welfare state cannot control, for example: Being disadvantaged in the labor market Can’t end inequality Cannot guarantee full employment Cannot provide stable marriages We have to remember that welfare was not created for the poor, it was created to prevent people from becoming poor. Conclusion The many issues and opinions with Capitalism, Socialism and the Welfare State, and the effects of each on poverty are almost one sided. Everywhere you research you will find that each is to its own. So I came to the conclusion that what is â€Å"fair† in economic justice with regards to poverty is that the government should continue with the welfare state, fund those in need, and continue to fight discrimination, to the best of its ability. With that said, I don’t believe in our lifetime we will see a major change in the poverty level, as our country continually accumulates debt to protect the underprivileged. So what is â€Å"fair† in this case is just making sure that everyone has an equal chance and opportunity to make a better life for themselves. This includes state and government funded programs that can provide people with the opportunity to better themselves. There needs to be better regulations and a limit to the amount of help one person or family can r eceive, so that each person isn’t just living off the government and increasing taxes for those that work. We as a country, especially with the new Obama Care laws are working to find a suitable solution to decreasing poverty, however, sharing the worlds wealth has never been an easy issue to address and correct. It will take a lot of time and effort, and newer more suitable laws that protect the working class as well as the underprivileged in an equal manner before I believe that there can be a major change in poverty. References Irwin, D. (2014, November 02). The Ultimate Global Antipoverty Program. Retrieved from The Wall Street Journal : http://www.wsj.com/articles/douglas-irwin-the-ultimate-global-antipoverty-program-1414972491 Kapstein, E. (2006). Economic Justice in an Unfair World:Toward a Level Playing Field. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Nathanson, S. (1997). Economic Justice. Pearson. Rector, R. (2012, May 03). Examining the Means-tested Welfare State: 79 Programs and $927 Billion in Annual Spending. Retrieved from The Heritage Foundation : http://www.heritage.org/research/testimony/2012/05/examining-the-means-tested-welfare-state Socialist Party USA: 2013-2015 National Platform . (2014, December 10). Retrieved from socialistparty-usa.net: http://socialistparty-usa.net/platform.html Yates, M. (2004). Poverty and Inequality in the Global Economy. Monthly Review, 55(9).

The Future of America :: Free Essay Writer

The Future of America A hungry boy stole food from a market, was caught, and his right hand was chopped off. The next week the same boy, stole fruit from an orchard, again was spotted, and his left hand was chopped off. A few weeks later, leaving the back door to a bakery open, his mouth full and eyes no less vibrant, the boy was caught once again. The men of the town were stumped, what was to be chopped off next? The men of the town did not know what to do, until someone offered giving the boy a job. The boy never stole again. As difficult as it may be to remain open-minded when addressing a situation, sometimes the alternative solutions are better than that of the extreme. Throughout American history, there is evidence of over-coming close mindedness. This evidence is seen in women's voting rights and African American's freedom. With the increasing youth violence present in America, we are once again given a task. This task, like that of Women's Suffrage and Civil Rights, is not going to have a simpl e solution. If the men in the story above had not come up with an alternative solution, what would be chopped off next? Arms? Feet? After reading about this topic and all its perspectives, I believe that severe punishment will always fail to deter youth crime. Rehabilitation and prevention, as difficult as they may be to accept, deserve attention. Arguments have resulted from examining the increase of convicted youth criminals and the severity of crimes committed. The youth crime rate has reached a twenty year high, says Patricia Cohen in her article entitled, "Punishment." Equally staggering she says, is the fact that "from 1988-1991 the youth murder-arrest rate climbed 80 percent(518)." Terrible crimes committed by youth are sometimes as serious as those of their adult counterparts. As a result, the term ‘youth' is no longer synonymous with innocence. With this sudden "madness," as coined by Males and Docuyanan in "Crackdown on Kids: Giving Up on the Young," juveniles are being deferred into court at lower and lower ages(519). This can be seen in Wisconsin where ten-year-old children can be tried as adults for murder(519). Does imprisonment deter youth crime? Some people believe it is the only way to go, others disagree. Males and Docuyanan are among those who disagree, bringing up the point that, "If more prisons a nd surer sentences were the solutions to crime and delinquency, California should be a haven where citizens leave doors unlocked and stroll midnight streets unmenaced(521). The Future of America :: Free Essay Writer The Future of America A hungry boy stole food from a market, was caught, and his right hand was chopped off. The next week the same boy, stole fruit from an orchard, again was spotted, and his left hand was chopped off. A few weeks later, leaving the back door to a bakery open, his mouth full and eyes no less vibrant, the boy was caught once again. The men of the town were stumped, what was to be chopped off next? The men of the town did not know what to do, until someone offered giving the boy a job. The boy never stole again. As difficult as it may be to remain open-minded when addressing a situation, sometimes the alternative solutions are better than that of the extreme. Throughout American history, there is evidence of over-coming close mindedness. This evidence is seen in women's voting rights and African American's freedom. With the increasing youth violence present in America, we are once again given a task. This task, like that of Women's Suffrage and Civil Rights, is not going to have a simpl e solution. If the men in the story above had not come up with an alternative solution, what would be chopped off next? Arms? Feet? After reading about this topic and all its perspectives, I believe that severe punishment will always fail to deter youth crime. Rehabilitation and prevention, as difficult as they may be to accept, deserve attention. Arguments have resulted from examining the increase of convicted youth criminals and the severity of crimes committed. The youth crime rate has reached a twenty year high, says Patricia Cohen in her article entitled, "Punishment." Equally staggering she says, is the fact that "from 1988-1991 the youth murder-arrest rate climbed 80 percent(518)." Terrible crimes committed by youth are sometimes as serious as those of their adult counterparts. As a result, the term ‘youth' is no longer synonymous with innocence. With this sudden "madness," as coined by Males and Docuyanan in "Crackdown on Kids: Giving Up on the Young," juveniles are being deferred into court at lower and lower ages(519). This can be seen in Wisconsin where ten-year-old children can be tried as adults for murder(519). Does imprisonment deter youth crime? Some people believe it is the only way to go, others disagree. Males and Docuyanan are among those who disagree, bringing up the point that, "If more prisons a nd surer sentences were the solutions to crime and delinquency, California should be a haven where citizens leave doors unlocked and stroll midnight streets unmenaced(521).